kaluhut

When a suspension system reaches the limit of its travel (in compression}, the vehicle is Said to have bottomed. When this occurs. the suspension usually hits the bump stopper and the load from the suspension is transferred to the chassis of the car with a bone-jarring crash. A common occurrence In rallies and. unfortunately. on our roads too

Wholly vertical motion of car on its springs as it passes over bumps in the road. as distinct from pitch and roll

The increase in a tyre’s lead capacity That becomes available as a result of running it at a maximum speed below that specified by its speed rating. Bonus load is sometimes exploited with caravan or trailer tyres in which case It is not safe to exploit the tyres full speed rating.

The pressure built up by the spinning turbine in a supercharger or turbocharger that helps push more air Into the engine. it. is calculated over and above atmospheric: pressure and measured in pounds per square inch (psi ) or bar and sometimes indicated on a boost pressure gauge.

The inside diameter of a cylinder is its hare and is usually measured in millimeters. sometimes in inches.

When a piston is at its lowest point of travel in the cylinder bore it is said to be at bottom dead centre. This position is used to describe some valve opening and closing events, which are specified as occurring so many crankshaft degrees before or after bottom dead centre {SBDC and ABDG respectively}.

Another name for a supercharger, an engine driven method of forced induction. Also used to describe the blower or fan unit of an air-conditioning unit.

Brake Mean Elective Pressure is the mean pressure available in a cylinder throughout the firing stroke at a piston {from Tap Dead Centre to bottom Dead Centre}. it ranges from 125psi for an inefficient rotary engine to 250psi for a racing engine. By contrast. the peak combustion pressure Is more to the tune 0f 1600psi.

Motor industry term for the structural core of a car body. Shorn of non• load• bearing parts such as exterior panels. boot lid. bonnet and doors.

The connecting rod links the piston to the crankshaft and transmits the Power derived from the combustion process in the cylinder. The big end is the large circular link at the bottom of the con rod that is attached to the crankshaft. The opposite end. attached to the piston pin. is the little or small end.

Alternative fuel in which diesel is partly replaced by processed vegetable oils. The bio-diesel fuels available in Europe generally contain only 5 per cent FAME [fatty acid methyl ester) derived from crops but many modem diesel engines are compatible with blends of up lo 30 per cent

An abbreviation for cylinder block, it is the strong metal casing inside which lhs individual cylinders are placed.

Air-fuel mixture or the burned gases from the combustion chamber can leak past the piston rings due to wear. faulty fitting or excessive piston ring gaps. This blow- by often shows up as oil contamination or dilution of engine oil.

A bevel gear is used to transfer motion between two or more shafts that are at an angle to on e another. Bevel gears are usually found in differentials, where the shafts are perpendicular to each other.

Actual horsepower, measured on a dynamometer which acts as a brake. as opposed to horsepower calculated from some arbitrary formula for taxation purposes. It is a unit of measurement devised in steam-engine days and based on the work capacity of a large dray horse - hence the abbreviations PS [Pferde-Starke or horse strength} in German and CV in French and Italian (Cheval-Vapeur. Cauallce Vapote). Always look for net or DIN figures as these give the output of the engine as installed in the car, rather than with items such as the cooling fan and alternator removed. The British {bhp} and metric (PS or CV} measures are similar but not identical, the latter being nearly 1.5 per cent smaller. but are often wrongly treated as interchangeable.

Obsolete form of lyre that combines the angled casing plies of 21 cross ply tyre with lhe circumferential tread ply car plies of a radial tyre.

The line running around 21 cars body that is formed by the bottom edges of its glass panels and the bur-mat and trunk.

Unlike conventional washers that are completely flat, Belleville washer has a slightly conical shape that gives It e sprung like characteristic when it is compressed. Belleville washers are commonly used as springs or in bolted joints that need to be given a flexible quality.

The line running around at cans body that is tanned by the bottom edges of its glass panels and the bonnet and trunk.

Invented and patented by Vincent Bendix in 1910. a bendix drive Is a gear that is connected to the starter motor and engages the engines flywheel at low revs and disengages. it when the revs increase.